Discuss the different ways that drug use can be detected and the benefits and downfalls of each.
What will be an ideal response?
There are a number of testing procedures that can be used to detect drugs among offenders. The most common procedures test the offender’s urine, blood, hair, sweat, or saliva. Urine testing is the most cost-effective, reliable, and widely used drug testing procedure. Blood testing can provide the degree of drugs in a defendant’s system; however, it is an invasive procedure that increases danger of infection. Hair testing is becoming more popular, but some hair types absorb drugs more readily and there are indicators that hair analysis can produce tainted results. Sweat testing has the advantage of testing a longer time frame, but as individuals sweat at different levels this can impact test results. Saliva testing can be easily obtained but is easily subject to contamination.
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By definition, negative sanctions may only be applied through criminal law, rather than through civil or administrative law
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The Personal Consumption Expenditure Index (PCE) is a
A) statistical measure of a weighted average of prices of a specific set of goods and services purchased by wage earners in urban areas. B) price index measuring the changes in prices of all new goods and services produced in the economy. C) statistical measure of a weighted average of prices of commodities that firms produce and sell. D) statistical measure of average prices using annually updated weights based on surveys of consumer spending.
An obligation to intervene may be created by an agreement or a(n) ______.
a. statute b. status c. contract d. assumption
Contemporary criminologists operate primarily from a _________ perspective
a. Psychological b. Biological c. Sociological d. Medical