The nurse is caring for a mechanically ventilated patient. The nurse understands that strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Drain condensate from the ventilator tubing away from the patient.
b. Elevate the head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees.
c. Instill normal saline as part of the suctioning procedure.
d. Perform regular oral care with chlorhexidine.
A, B, D
Condensate should be drained away from the patient to avoid drainage back into the patient's airway. Prevention guidelines recommend elevating the head of bed at 30 to 45 degrees. Regular antiseptic oral care, with an agent such as chlorhexidine, reduces oropharyngeal colonization. Normal saline is not recommended as part of the suctioning procedure, and it may increase the risk for infection.
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Critical pathways ____
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A client is diagnosed with the flu. The nurse is aware that in order to be effective, neuraminidase inhibitors should be taken within how many hours of onset of flu symptoms?
a. 24 b. 48 c. 72 d. 96
The nurse has been hired to work in a milieu management program. With which techniques should the nurse be familiar? (Select all that apply.)
1. Hypnotherapy 2. Reinforcement 3. Psychoanalysis 4. Pattern interruption 5. Affect management