The registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about malignant transformation. Which statement about the process of malignant transformation is true?
A. Mutation of genes is an irreversible event that always leads to cancer development in the initiation phase.
B. Insulin and estrogen enhance the division of an initiated cell during the promotion phase.
C. Tumors form when carcinogens invade the gene structure of the cell in the latency phase.
D. Nutrition of cancer cells is provided by tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) in the promotion stage.
Answer: B. Insulin and estrogen enhance the division of an initiated cell during the promotion phase.
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The nurse is providing education to an adult client recently diagnosed with asthma. The client smokes one pack of cigarettes each day
The nurse states, "Now that you have to quit smoking your friends will no longer complain that you smell like cigarettes." Which communication barrier does the nurse's statement represent? 1. False reassurance. 2. Cross-examination. 3. Unwanted advice. 4. Technical terms.
Which substance forms the tough, horny layer of the skin?
A) Mucopolysaccharides B) Fat C) Keratin D) Vitamin D
Which assessment question would be least likely to elicit information relevant to suicidality?
A) "Have you had any thoughts about harming yourself?" B) "How many times have you threatened to kill yourself in the past but didn't act on it?" C) "Do you have a particular plan in mind?" D) "Do you have access to the means to carry out the plan?"