List and explain the four elements that are needed for a police officer to make an arrest. The intent to arrest. Intent is a subjective term and it is sometimes difficult to determine whether the police officer intended to arrest. The state of being under arrest is dependent not only on the actions of the law enforcement officers but
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o also on the perception of the suspect.
The authority to arrest. State laws give police officers the authority to place citizens under custodial arrest or take them into custody.
Seizure or detention. A necessary part of an arrest is the detention of the subject. Detention is considered to have occurred as soon as the arrested
o individual submits to the control of the officer, whether peacefully or under the
threat or use of force.
Understanding. The understanding of the person that she or he has been arrested. This can be accomplished through the use of words or actions.
o Understanding may be lacking if the person is intoxicated, insane, or
unconscious.
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White collar crime defendants are more likely to do which of the following than defendants in conventional crime cases?
a. Plead guilty and go to trial b. Plead guilty and not go to trial c. Plead not guilty and go to trial d. Invoke their Fifth Amendment Rights and let the judge decide whether the case should go to trial
The twenty-four separate American mafia gangs are referred to as "families."
a. True b. False
Which of the following is not a barrier to reentry effectiveness?
a. the diversity of programs offered b. the public generally does not support reentry programs for offenders c. the lack of credible theory informing reentry programs d. the lack of integrity in program implementation
What are mandatory minimum sentences, and what affect have they had on correctional populations?
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