What distinguishing feature characterizes aerobic and anaerobic respiration but does not play a role in fermentation pathways?
A. The absence of O2
B. Oxidation-reduction reactions
C. Hydrolysis reactions
D. The presence of an electron transport chain
Answer: D
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NEW: In cats, the gene for coat color is found on the X chromosome. Shown below is a mass of cells making up an early female cat embryo. The X chromosomes are shown in each cell; this embryo has one orange coat color allele (O) and one black coat color allele (B). Which of the following is ACCURATE about this embryo?
A. It will give rise to a calico cat.
B. It will give rise to a black cat, because black is dominant to orange.
C. It will give rise to an orange cat, as the paternal chromosomes carrying the black allele will be inactivated.
D. Since it is heterozygous, it will give rise to a cat with two Barr bodies in each cell.
E. Since it is heterozygous, it will give rise to a calico cat with two Barr bodies in each cell.
Electroporation ____
a. exposes cells briefly to rapid pulses of electrical current to induce transformation b. exposes cells to calcium ions to induce transformation c. exposes cells to calcium ions to induce transduction d. inserts the foreign DNA into chloroplast DNA e. inserts the foreign DNA into mitochondrial DNA
The genomes of all the microbes present in or on the human body are collectively known as the proteome
a. True b. False
Researchers discovered that a new strain of bacteria that cause tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) taken from a dead patient has a point mutation in the rpoB gene that codes for part of the RNA polymerase enzyme
This mutant form of RNA polymerase does not function as well as the more common form of RNA polymerase. A commonly used antibiotic called rifampin does not affect the mutant rpoB bacteria. A researcher mixes M. tuberculosis with and without the rpoB mutation and adds the bacteria to cell cultures. Half the cell cultures contain only standard nutrients, while the other half of the cell cultures contain rifampin and the standard nutrients. After many cell generations, the researcher finds that _____. A) very few M. tuberculosis in the standard nutrient cell cultures carry the rpoB gene mutation, but almost all of the M. tuberculosis in the cell cultures with rifampin carry the rpoB mutation B) almost all M. tuberculosis in the standard nutrient cell cultures carry the rpoB gene mutation, but very few of the M. tuberculosis in the cell cultures with rifampin carry the rpoB mutation C) very few M. tuberculosis in any of the cell cultures carry the rpoB gene mutation D) almost all of the M. tuberculosis in both types of cell cultures carry the rpoB mutation