Why do people with advanced kidney disease commonly become anemic?
For three reasons: (1 ) Damaged kidneys produce less erythropoietin and so there is less stimulation of the marrow to produce RBCs. (2 ) Erythropoietin is more easily lost into the urine by leaky kidneys. (3 ) Finally, during dialysis treatment, the patient's erythropoietin is washed away. Treatment for kidney patients today includes injections of synthetic erythropoietin.
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The retrovirus HIV frequently undergoes mutations, making it difficult for scientists to develop a single effective vaccine. When flu vaccines are administered, patients are told that they are only protected from one strain of the flu and are still as susceptible to other strains as unvaccinated people. Explain why.
What will be an ideal response?
The endothoracic fascia:
A) is continuous with the clavipectoral fascia. B) provides a surgical cleavage plane between the thoracic wall and the costal parietal pleura. C) attaches to the suspensory ligaments of the breast. D) contains the intercostal muscles. E) may become fibrous and thus interfere with normal respiratory movements.
The trachea is found in the ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Transcription and translation differ in that
A) transcription produces DNA and translation produces RNA. B) transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein. C) transcription produces protein and translation produces RNA. D) transcription produces RNA and translation produces DNA.