A professor was interested in whether caffeine affected test performance. To test this possibility, he gave students a test and asked them whether they had consumed caffeine in the hour before the test. He then compared the performance of those students who had taken caffeine to those who had not. Why is this not a true experiment?
a. There are not two levels of the independent variables.
b. Participants were not randomly assigned to groups.
c. The study was not performed in the laboratory.
d. The study lacks external validity.
B
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Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current view of the repressed memories controversy?
a. It seems likely that most cases of recovered memories are authentic. b. It appears that many therapists are deliberately creating false memories in their patients. c. Recovered memories of childhood abuse can be summarily dismissed. d. We should be extremely careful about accepting recovered memories of abuse in the absence of convincing corroboration.
In a study comparing the living arrangements of older adults in 43 countries, rates of living with children were highest in _____
a. Africa b. North America c. Asia d. Australia
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of self-regulation?
a. self-monitoring b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-structuring e. none of the above (that is, they are all stages of self-regulation)
Who believed that an infant's need to grasp and touch different objects was the basis of learning?
A) Eleanor Maccoby B) Jean Piaget C) John Watson D) Mary Ainsworth