On admission, a patient presents as follows: pH, 7.38; respiratory rate, 24 breaths/min, regular, pursed-lip breathing; PaO2, 66 mm Hg; heart rate, 112 beats/min, sinus tachycardia;
PaCO2, 52 mm Hg; blood pressure, 110/68 mm Hg; HCO3, 34 mEq/L; and SpO2, 90% on O2 2 L/min nasal cannula. These gases show
a. uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.
b. uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
c. compensated respiratory acidosis.
d. compensated respiratory alkalosis.
C
The pH is closer to the acidic level, so the primary disorder is acidosis. Compensated respiratory acidosis values include a pH of 7.35 to 7.39, PACO2 greater than 45 mm Hg, and HCO3 greater than 26 mEq/L. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis values include a pH below 7.35, PACO2 above 45 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 22 to 26 mEq/L. Compensated respiratory alkalosis values include a pH of 7.41 to 7.45, PACO2 below 35 mm Hg, and HCO3 below 22 mEq/L. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis values include a pH above 7.45, PACO2 of 35 to 45 mm Hg, and HCO3- above 26 mEq/L.
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