Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
False
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Why are nucleoside analogs active only against replicating viruses?
A. These drugs can only be taken up by cells that are infected by viruses. They are shut out from non-infected cells. This makes them effective only against cells where viruses are replicating. B. Each of these drugs is specifically activated by enzymes produced by the viruses. The viruses will only produce these enzymes when they are replicating, so the drugs can only become activated when these processes are occurring. C. Nucleoside analogs work by directly inhibiting the activity of nucleic acid polymerases. If the virus isn't actively replicating, there's no DNA/RNA polymerase active for the drug to inhibit, so the drug cannot work. D. Nucleoside analogs work by being incorporated into growing strands of DNA/RNA. This indirectly shuts down further extension of these chains. However, new strands of viral DNA/RNA are only being created when the virus is replicating. As such, these drugs can only work when the virus is actively replicating as well.
If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the sides of the ladder?
a. phosphates and bases b. phosphates and sugars c. bases only d. phosphates only e. bases and sugars
During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is ________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.
A. hypotonic B. oligotonic C. isotonic D. hypertonic E. mesotonic
Diseases can re-emerge for a variety of reasons. Evaluate the following statements and choose the one that does not provide evidence for a re-emergence.
A. Humans have avoided animal habitats. B. Pathogens evolve over time. C. Agents of bioterrorism have been introduced into a population. D. Climate change influences arthropods to expand their geographical areas.