Which of the following is the major effect of placental hormones?
A) Insulin resistance
B) Increased tidal volume
C) Relative hypercortisolism, which may trigger labor
D) Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone
A) Insulin resistance
Placental hormones are thought to contribute to insulin resistance. Progesterone increases tidal volume and minute volume. Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone is due to progesterone and estradiol. Near term, increases in placental CRH and ACTH produce a relative hypercortisolism which may trigger labor.
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