An effect size index that can be used in meta-analyses includes which of the following? Select all that apply
A) Standardized mean difference or d
B) Intensity effect size
C) Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)
D) The odds ratio (OR)
A, C, D
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An intensity effect size is commonly used in metasyntheses, not meta-analyses, and indicates the concentration of findings within each report. Meta-analyses depend on the calculation of an index that encapsulates in a single number the relationship between the independent and outcome variable in each study. Cohen's d, the effect size index most often used, transforms all effects into standard deviation units (Chapter 12). When the outcomes in the primary studies are dichotomies, meta-analysts have a choice of effect index, including the odds ratio (OR) and risk ratio (RR). In nonexperimental studies, a common effect size statistic is Pearson's r, which indicates the magnitude and direction of effect.
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An 8-month-old infant is admitted to the pediatric floor of the community hospital with a new diagnosis of diabetes. The patient is to receive 1 unit of regular insulin subcutaneously. How will that 1 unit be administered?
A) It is administered orally. B) It is administered as U-5. C) It is administered with a TB syringe. D) It is administered as U-10.
A small school district cannot afford to employ registered nurses at each of its individual school campuses. Can this school offer health-promotion activities?
1. No; there must be a healthcare professional present for these activities. 2. It can only do so if the district employs a nurse consultant to plan the curriculum. 3. It can only do so if the district has access to preprinted curriculum approved by the state. 4. Yes; many professionals such as teachers can teach health-related topics.
A client with an obsessive-compulsive personality tells the nurse, "I become so anxious and stressed and then I start my compulsive ritual. I wish I could stop it." To help the client reduce the anxiety, the nurse should offer which suggestion?
1. "Make a list of things that provoke anxiety for you." 2. "Hold an ice cube in each hand for 10 minutes when you are tempted to do a ritual." 3. "Keep distracted by playing the television and radio loudly." 4. "Set a rigid timetable of your daily schedule."
In the example in which there is a medication error, the hospital policy is to use root-cause analysis to fully evaluate the situation. In the root-cause analysis process, one would expect that:
a. a committee is formed to determine the risk of litigation. b. a committee is formed to determine the punishment for those involved. c. a committee is formed that can reconstruct the events leading to the error. d. a committee is formed that can correct the error and avoid damages.