The physician confirms your suspicions and indicates that J.M. is experiencing symptoms of early leftsided heart failure. A two-dimensional (2D) echocardiogram is ordered. Medication orders are written

Question

Medication Orders
Enalapril (Vasotec) 10 mg PO twice a day
Furosemide (Lasix) 20 mg PO every morning
Carvedilol (Coreg) 6.25 mg PO twice a day
Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.5 mg PO now, then 0.125 mg PO daily
Potassium chloride (K-Dur) 10 mEq tablet PO once a day

For each medication listed, identify its class and describe its purpose for the treatment of HF.

Answer 1

Enalapril (Vasotec): Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. ACE inhibitors prevent sodium
and water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion, resulting in diuresis, which decreases
blood volume and blood return to the heart. As a result, the workload of the heart is decreased.
Furosemide (Lasix): Loop diuretic. Loop diuretics are given to decrease fluid volume (preload).
Carvedilol (Coreg): Nonspecific beta-blocker. Beta-blockers work to reduce or to block sympathetic
nervous system stimulation of the heart and of the heart's conduction system (cardioprotective
action). As a result, the heart rate is reduced.
Digoxin (Lanoxin): Cardiac glycoside and inotropic drug. This drug increases myocardial contractility
(positive inotropic effect), resulting in enhanced cardiac efficiency and output.
Potassium chloride (K-Dur): Electrolyte supplement. This supplement is given to replace potassium
that might be lost with diuretic therapy.