A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. This condition is caused by:
a. fibrosis of the lower third of the esopha-gus.
b. sympathetic nerve stimulation.
c. loss of muscle tone at the lower esophage-al sphincter.
d. reverse peristalsis of the stomach.
ANS: C
Gastroesophageal reflux is due to loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter. The resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tends to be lower than normal from either transient relaxation or weakness of the sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux is not due to fibrosis, stimulation of sympathetic nerves, or reverse peristalsis.
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