What is an infection of the urinary bladder called?
A. hemodialysis
B. urethritis
C. uremia
D. pyelonephritis
E. cystitis
Answer: E
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One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right?
A. Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. B. Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. C. Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. D. Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.
Cigarette smoke contains at least fifty-five different chemicals identified as carcinogenic (cancer-causing) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). When these carcinogens enter the bloodstream, enzymes convert them to a series of chemical intermediates that are easier to excrete. Some of the intermediates bind irreversibly to DNA. Propose a hypothesis about why cigarette smoke
causes cancer. What will be an ideal response?
Quinolones like ciprofloxacin inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and thus
a. interfere with unwinding of DNA during replication. b. result in the ribosome misreading mRNAs. c. lead to pore formation and depolarization of the cell membrane. d. cause a shortage of peptidoglycan precursors that weakens the cell wall, leading to lysis.
Interspecific competition occurs between members of the same species
a. true b. false