Gardner and Winner (1976) identified three developmental stages in understanding art. Which of the following statements is characteristic of four- to seven-year-olds?

a. Art should be a precise rendering of reality.
b. Decisions involved in making art are governed by physical limitations rather than aesthetic concerns. c. One's opinions and values vary; judgments in art are relative.
d. There are criteria for judging quality in works of art.


ANSWER: b

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