Which of the following explains political outcomes, including violence and democratic stability, by the extent to which identities are cross-cutting or complementary?
a. Situational identity
b. The radical middle position
c. Constructivism
d. Primordialism
e. Cleavage structure theory
E
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Game theory treats actors as players involved in a game consisting of
a. strategies and outcomes. c. crisis and capitulation. b. moves and countermoves. d. alternatives and choices.
When a state gets bogged down in a long, costly war, prospect theory predicts it may be less likely to stop its action, despite heavy losses, because __________
a. of the classic “prisoner’s dilemma” situation b. the prospect of appearing to be weak is too great in an international system marked by anarchy c. of inertia, or what people might call being stuck in a rut d. people typically take much greater risks to avoid losses than to achieve gains
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense called for ______.
a. negotiation with Great Britain b. independence c. military action against Native Americans d. a Third Continental Congress
Which of the following is NOT an example of a process function?
A. interest articulation B. interest aggregation C. policymaking D. judicial restraint