Which patient outcomes are major goals of antiretroviral therapy? (Select all that apply.)
a. Prevention of opportunistic infections
b. Conversion to an HIV-negative antibody status
c. Reduction of the number of viral particles in the patient's blood
d. Increase in CD4+ cells
e. Decrease in CD8+ cells
f. Prevention of disease spread
A, C, D, F
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) retrovirus selectively infects the helper/inducer T cells, known as CD4+ cells, which coordinate the patient's immune response. When these cells are destroyed, the person has little protection from opportunistic infection. Successful antiretroviral therapy reduces the number of viral particles in the blood and increases the CD4+ cell numbers in the blood. These actions reduce the risk for opportunistic infection and reduce the likelihood of HIV disease spread by the patient. Antiretroviral therapy does not affect the number of CD8+ cells and does not change the patient's antibody status.
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During a class on the aspects of culture, the nurse shares that culture has four basic characteristics. Which statement correctly reflects one of these characteristics?
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After administering sulfonamides to a client, the nurse observes that he has developed a fever, cough, and muscular aches. The nurse also observes that the client has developed lesions in the form of red wheals on the neck and the mouth
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After a nurse has completed the assessment for a new client with a psychiatric disorder, data are
analyzed to formulate nursing diagnoses. The information that will be conveyed by the nursing diagnoses includes (more than one answer may be correct) A. medical judgments about the disorder. B. unmet client needs present at the moment. C. supporting data that validate the diagnoses. D. probable causes that will be targets for nursing interventions.
It is recommended that individuals within certain populations restrict their sodium intake to 1500 mg/d. A nurse identifies that these groups include all of the following except
1. African Americans. 2. Individuals with hypertension. 3. Individuals younger than 15 years. 4. Individuals who are 40 years or older.