A closed, nonreactive system contains species 1 and 2 in vapor/liquid equilibrium. Species 2 is a very light gas, essentially insoluble in the liquid phase. The vapor phase contains both species 1 and 2. Some additional moles of species 2 are added to the system, which is then restored to its initial T and P. As a result of the process, does the total number of moles of liquid increase, decrease, or remain unchanged?
What will be an ideal response?
The total number of moles of liquid decreases. To see this, note that the phase rule allows only two intensive phase rule variables to be specified
F = 2 - ? + N = 2 – 2 + 2 = 2
In both the initial state and the final state, T and P have been specified. Thus, the state of the system is fixed, and all intensive variables in each phase (molar volume, internal energy, and species mole fractions) are the same in the initial and final states. If we add more of species 2 to the vapor phase without adding more of species 1, then to keep the composition of the vapor the same, some of species 1 will have to evaporate from the liquid. As a result, less liquid will remain.
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