Summarize evidence on the biochemistry and neural circuitry underlying memory
What will be an ideal response?
From a biochemical perspective, memory appears to be related to alterations in synaptic transmission at specific sites. Durable changes in synaptic transmission may be the building blocks of memories.
From a neural perspective, memories appear to depend on localized neural circuits in the brain. These are reusable pathways in the brain that may be specific for specific memories. Other research indicates that memory formation results in altered synaptic transmission at specific sites, enhancing the availability and release of neurotransmitters. Finally, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus also may underlie the formation of memories. The anatomy of memory is complex, and many brain structures have been shown to be important in memory.
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Seven-year-old Jai is playing his favorite video game in which the hero has to use violence in order to defeat the villains and save the city. Which of the following is most likely?
a. Jai will not imitate the hero's actions since he recognizes that the video game story is a fantasy, not a real situation. b. Jai will be sensitized to the violence, so that he will react more anxiously and negatively toward violence since he has seen its destructiveness. c. Jai will not imitate the hero's actions because the more personalized, intimate experience of the video games will lower the game's impact. d. Jai will be more likely to model the aggression he has seen in the video game.
The changing pattern of wing color in the peppered moth is evidence for the advantage of
a. genetic diversity in an unchanging environment. b. genetic diversity in a changing environment. c. environmental diversity in the absence of genetic diversity. d. environmental diversity in the presence of genetic diversity. e. unchanging environments and the absence of genetic diversity.
Research on Chinese parents' and teachers' attitudes towards childhood shyness reveals that ________.
A. certain traits, such as shyness, will be associated with developmental problems even if cultural values change B. shyness has become associated with positive social outcomes after the rapid expansion of a market economy in China C. the goodness-of-fit model has limited applicability outside of Western cultural contexts D. cultural values affect the fit between parenting and child temperament
In the context of the endocrine system, which of the following secretes hormones that control the release of hormones from glands elsewhere in the body?
A. The adrenal glands B. The pituitary gland C. The pancreas D. The parathyroid gland