Why was the conquest of China so difficult for the Mongols? How was the ruling of China by Kubilai Khan a merge of Mongol and Chinese customs and ideas?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Difficulties in conquering China
1. more powerful state than any the Mongols faced elsewhere
2. highly defensible
a. compact, so that its armies could maneuver on interior lines of
communication
b. scored by terrain inhospitable to Mongol horsemen
3. conquest unfolded relentlessly bit by bit
a. fueled with resources from the Mongols' other conquests
b. pursued with unfailing tenacity
c. the superiority of the Mongols' war machine
d. Mongols spared no resources to pursue all-out victory and hired
the troops and equipment needed
e. conquest of China was logical continuation of policies of Genghis Khan
f. fulfilling destiny of world conquest heaven supposedly envisaged
B. Incorporation of culture and customs
1. personal project and passion of Kubilai Khan
2. Chinese subjects resented Kubilai's foreign ways
3. upheld Mongol ways but tried to be a Chinese emperor
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