What is the basic anatomical pattern that humans and other vertebrate animals share?

What will be an ideal response?


All of these organisms have a braincase of cartilage or bone that surrounds the brain. All vertebrates have a hollow
dorsal nerve cord, ventral body cavities, and a musculartail, although in humans this structure is reduced to the
four elements of the coccyx. All vertebrates also share the "tube within a tube" pattern of hollow body cavities that
contain tubular structures, such as the digestive tract. At some stage of development (often only embryonic),
vertebrates also have a notochord and pharyngeal (gill) arches.

Anatomy & Physiology

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Which of the epithelial membranes encases individual organs?

A. Parietal B. Mucous C. Visceral D. Cutaneous

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Examples of adrenal gland short-term stress responses include immune system suppression and retention of salt and water by the kidneys

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Which of the following organs is not a digestive tract organ?

a. esophagus b. stomach c. pancreas d. small intestine e. large intestine

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In juxtamedullary nephrons, which region sets up the medullary osmotic gradient?

A) distal tubule B) collecting duct C) Bowman's capsule D) loop of Henle E) proximal tubule

Anatomy & Physiology