What types of new Christian, Buddhist, and Muslim foundations were created as a result of this missionary activity? Did these new foundations always practice their faith in the same ways?
What will be an ideal response?
A. New religious foundations
1. Christian
a. Spanish America
1. different from the Catholic mainstream
2. imperfections of the "Spiritual Conquest" of
Spanish America by Catholic missionaries
3. Native American features ripple Latin American
Catholicism to this day
b. Christianity of the American countryside was deficient
in similar ways to that of the European countryside
1. people's concern was based on survival
2. rites and rituals to help daily life were a priority
3. scripture and sacraments into neglected corners
of ordinary lives
4. religions of migrants—whether black or
white—to the Americas, were equally diverse
c. Brazil: confraternities
1. charitable associations that centered around
black artistic vocations and religious devotion
2. helped meld the culturally uprooted into
coherent communities, renewing identity and
sense of belonging
d. Black Catholicism
1. inspired hopes of betterment in this world
e. millenarianism
1. obsessions with the coming end of the world,
which would be preceded by a cosmic war
between good and evil leading to the Age of the
Holy Spirit
2. common in North America, driven there by
persecution, nourished there by toleration
2. Muslim
a. Sikhism blended elements of Hindu and Muslim tradition
b. black wandering scholars known as the Torokawa
1. incited revivalism and violent jihad in
Hausaland in modern Nigeria from the 1690s
c. Saharan Arabs known as Kunta, who made a habit of
marrying the daughters of holy men, were the advance guard of Islam
3. Buddhism
a. China
1. presented Buddhism afresh as a religion people
could practice "at home"
2. emphasis on direct religious experience,
unmediated through a priestly class
b. Japan
1. embraced both Buddhism and native religion
2. reexamination of ancient texts
3. suppression of Christianity in Japan created an
opportunity for Buddhism
4. wealthy lords, merchants, and peasants endowed
many new Buddhist foundations
c. Mongols
1. reenergizing missionary Buddhism
2. Buddhism spread through society and across the
Mongol dominions
You might also like to view...
In __________, the Sandinista rebels managed to overthrow the pro-American dictatorship of Antonio Somoza in 1979
A) El Salvador B) Guatemala C) Costa Rica D) Nicaragua
Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House in:
A) Virginia. B) Maryland. C) West Virginia. D) Georgia.
As horse herds expanded and Indian horsemanship improved, Native Americans began to use horses __________
A) as plow animals B) in battle C) in religious ceremonies D) in races organized by whites
The labor policy of the Wilson administration during World War I
A) showed little concern for the working conditions of women and children. B) sought to protect and extend the rights of organized labor. C) declared the American Federation of Labor illegal. D) staunchly opposed efforts to unionize American workers.