Define extinction and provide an example
What will be an ideal response?
Extinction is the elimination of the reinforcing consequences for a behavior resulting in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior in the future. For example, it was determined that Johnny engages in the problem behavior of screaming in order to get attention from others. When, as treatment for the behavior, those in his environment withheld attention when Johnny screamed, the screaming gradually decreased and eventually stopped altogether.
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A standardization sample is representative if the sample a. has been subjected to rigorous experimental control
b. consists of individuals who are similar to the group to be tested. c. consists of a great many individuals. d. is administered in the same way as the actual test group will be.
An important study of urban African American teen boys found that in more risky neighborhoods, teens with ___ parents had higher grades in school, while in less risky neighborhoods, teens with ____ parents had higher grades
a. less restrictive; more restrictive b. more restrictive; less restrictive c. more empathetic; less empathetic d. more educated; less educated
Samantha, a 3-year-old girl, is likely to
a. prefer playing with gender appropriate toys. b. know the rules of gender appropriate toys, but not yet show a preference for gender appropriate toys. c. not yet know what toys are considered gender appropriate. d. be accepting of other children who engage in cross-gender play.
Middle-school classrooms are characterized by ______.
A. a greater emphasis on student control B. a greater emphasis on teacher control C. more opportunities for student decision making D. infrequent evaluation of academic performance