A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the following pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (select all that apply)
a. Decreased erythrocyte life span
b. Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis
c. Disturbances of the iron cycle
d. Increased basal metabolic rate
e. Swelling in the tissues
ANS: A, B, C
Causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia are decreased erythrocyte life span, failure of mecha-nisms of compensatory erythropoiesis, or disturbance of the iron cycle. Increased metabolic rate and swelling of tissues does not lead to anemia.
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