Explain how the discipline of biochemistry grew out of the science of microbiology
What will be an ideal response?
Some of the first experiments in biochemistry are attributed to Louis Pasteur in his research on the causes of fermentation. His research was extended by Eduard Buchner, who showed that enzymes produced by microbial cells are responsible for the phenomenon of fermentation. Later, in the early 20th century, Kluyver and van Niel advocated the use of microbes in research on basic biochemical reactions, which they maintained are common to all living things. Further advances in biochemistry were made as microbiologists such as Beadle and Tatum and Avery and his colleagues explored the nature of the genetic material and its function using microorganisms as model systems.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Section: The Modern Age of Microbiology
Learning Outcome: 1.12, 1.19
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SMAD4 is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 18 that is known to be homozygously deleted in human lung cancer
If you were to perform comparative genomic hybridization with tissue from a lung cancer patient with a homozygous negative SMAD4 tumor, what ratio of green to red fluorescence would you expect? A. A ratio of 1 on all of chromosome 18 B. A ratio of 2 on the part of chromosome 18 containing the SMAD4 gene, with a value of 1 on the remainder of the chromosome. C. A ratio of 0 on all of chromosome 18 D. A ratio of 0 on the part of chromosome 18 containing the SMAD4 gene, with a value of 1 on the remainder of the chromosome E. A ratio of 1 on the part of chromosome 18 containing the SMAD4 gene, with a value of 0 on the remainder of the chromosome. F. A ratio of 0.5 on the part of chromosome 18 containing the SMAD gene, with a value of 1 on the remainder of the chromosome.
The genes that play a role in the biological clock form part of gene storing structures in the
nucleus known as
a. nucleotides. b. chromosomes. c. tissues. d. proteins
Skeletal muscle cells have ____ and are controlled by ____
a. many nuclei; the somatic nervous system b. many nuclei; the autonomic nervous system c. one nucleus each; the autonomic nervous system d. one nucleus each; the somatic nervous system e. two nuclei each; the somatic nervous system
In healthy adults, a loss of more than ____% of total body fluid is required to alter homeostasis and cause illness.
A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 30