Sequencing of HIV-1 revealed that it is most closely

related to which of the following?
a. simian immunodeficiency virus
b. feline leukemia
c. bovine immunodeficiency virus
d. hepatitis B
e. all of these


Answer: a

Biology & Microbiology

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Eukaryotic and archaeal cells are able to regulate cellular processes at which of the following levels?

A. Mutational B. Translational C. Transcriptional D. Physiological E. Posttranscriptional

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An endocervical swab was collected from a 26-year-old woman with a purulent discharge. The Gram stain revealed the following: • Many white blood cells (WBCs) • Moderate gram-negative diplococci • Moderate gram-negative coccobacilli • Few yeast Based on these findings, what would be the next course of action?

a. Report the isolation of Neisseria gonorr-hoeae. b. Work up the yeast. c. Report the Gram stain, and follow up with culture. d. Request a new specimen; this one is con-taminated.

Biology & Microbiology

If the effector protein phospholipase C failed to cleave phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), the action of what enzyme would be affected?

A. cAMP B. IP3 C. protein kinase A (PKA) D. protein kinase C (PKC)

Biology & Microbiology

The primary means of heat loss during exercise is radiation.

a. true b. false

Biology & Microbiology