When comparing the proteome (the complete set of proteins of an organism), between worms and flies, what fractions of their genomes encodes proteins of similar function (orthologs)?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: About 20-30% of the proteome is shared by multicellular organisms and the remainder appears to be species-specific.
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Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form and interact?
a. Hydrogen atoms bond with each other to create a stable outer shell of electrons. Then they form a hydrogen bond to an oxygen atom to create the water molecule. b. Oxygen atoms transfer one electron to each of the hydrogen atoms, forming an ionic bond that attracts other water molecules to it. c. The oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable outer shells of electrons. d. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule whose slight charges form weak hydrogen bond attractions with other water molecules. e. Hydrogen bonds are formed between the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom. This water molecule then forms a covalent bond with adjacent water molecules. f. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the two hydrogen atoms. Due to this, it removes the electron from each hydrogen atom. This satisfies the outer shell of oxygen. Then hydrogen bonds form between the two remaining hydrogen atoms to hold them near to the oxygen atom.
Which of the following are the most abundant of the chlorophylls?
a. chlorophyll a and b b. chlorophyll a and c c. chlorophyll b and c d. chlorophyll a, b, and c
The branching "tree of life" analogy
A) accurately reflects evolution because once a split occurs, species on different branches evolve independently. B) has been discredited because it does not help us understand evolutionary relationships among organisms. C) fails to account for horizontal gene transfer, in which species on different branches exchange genes.
In flies, what approximate percentage of genes is unique to that genus and not shared with other eukaryotes?
a. 1 b. 10 c. 30 d. 70 e. 95