A dog is reinforced for turning its head to the right. For the next reinforcer to be delivered the head must be turned even further to the right. Only further progressions in the turning to the right are reinforced. Eventually the dog is turning about in circles to the right. This is an example of which of the following methods.
a. method of successful interpretations
b. chaining
c. shaping
d. A & C
Answer: c. shaping
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All of the following are side effects of lithium therapy EXCEPT a. lowered thyroid functioning. b. weight loss
c. toxicity. d. lack of energy.
Which of the following is true of smokers who quite smoking?
a. About 70% of smokers successfully quit. b. People who enroll in a formal smoking cessation program are much more successful than those who try to quit without professional help. c. Success rates of those who quit using a nicotine substitute are slightly higher than a placebo. d. Their health risks decline until they reach a normal level after about 5 years.
Sasha's 23rd chromosome pair contains two X chromosomes. This indicates that Sasha
A. is a male. B. is a female. C. has Down syndrome. D. has fragile X syndrome.
According to the posttraumatic model of dissociative identity disorder (DID), an abused child can more easily cope with everyday life by usually forgetting about the abusive incidents and by pretending that the abuse is happening to someone else. In behavioral terms, this self-deception can be conceptualized as a type of covert:
A) ?avoidance response. B) ?form of learned helplessness. C) ?attention-seeking device. D) ?appetitive response.