Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a multiphase iterative design?

Question

a. A city has a typical voter turnout of 40% and so decides to implement a program to "get out the vote." First, they interview 38 voting-age adults about their voting practice. Then, six weeks before the local election, they begin an advertising campaign in the local media, community services, and neighborhoods. After the election, they see that voter turnout remained at 40%. They conduct more interviews to find out why, and ask in particular about people's response to the advertising campaign. They then begin planning a new campaign for the next election.
b. A researcher is interested in how low-income families budget each month, identifying and balancing necessities with items that might be considered luxuries. She begins by conducting a small focus group, asking open-ended questions about budgeting and letting the group take the topic wherever they choose. From their responses, she develops a more extensive set of interview questions and conducts a series of individual interviews over a six-month period. After analyzing the data, she develops a detailed survey, which she administers to a large sample of families, asking them to fill it out every other month for a year.
c. A team of medical researchers wants to understand why parents do not consistently take their children to the hospital for evaluation after falling and hitting their heads during play or sports. They conduct a two-phase study in which 283 parents first complete a 26-item survey regarding their parenting practices, medical knowledge of head injury and concussion, and medical histories. The team analyzes the survey results and formulates a set of focused interview questions, then calls a subset of the original sample and invites them to participate in a 2-hour interview.
d. A sociologist is interested in whether the increase of gender-nontraditional characters on television affects the way people think about laws on equal treatment. He contacts a sample of 16 individuals in his community who are active in civil rights organizations and conducts four focus groups to identify target television shows and key questions to ask in a second phase of his study. He then does a qualitative content analysis of the targeted television shows and uses that analysis to develop a set of interview questions. He then contacts a random sample of individuals across the country and invites them to participate in the interview via computer.

Answer 1

a