Discuss the differences between each of the following: • Normative vs. descriptive theories • Inductive vs. deductive reasoning • Global vs. particularistic theories Also identify how these types of approaches relate to one another. (For example: is deductive research normative or descriptive; is it global or particularistic?)

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

ANSWER:
Normative theories contain at least one value judgment, or premise, saying how things should be. Descriptive theories try to find relationships that actually exist and attempt to be value-free. Inductive reasoning examines or tests data, usually a sample from a population, and makes inferences about the population. Deductive reasoning uses logic to derive one or more conclusions from a set of premises. Global theories are all-encompassing in nature, while particularistic theories focus on only a small part of the relevant environment, examining rather narrowly defined questions and problems. Deductive research tends to be normative and global. Inductive approaches are usually descriptive and particularistic.