In 2012 the world's population surpassed

a. 6 billion.
b. 7 billion.
c. 8 billion.
d. 9 billion.


b

Political Science

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Cadre parties

a. have a large membership base b. are only present in authoritarian settings c. have a small, elite membership d. have less clear policy positions

Political Science

Strictly disciplined party organizations, called __________, are headed by a boss and rely on material rewards—including patronage jobs—to control politics

a. machines b. caucuses c. cabinets d. parties

Political Science

Traditionally, courts have assumed

a. a hands-off approach to offenders once they were behind prison walls. b. a hands-on approach to offenders once they were behind prison walls. c. that prisoners would need constant supervision and thus frequent court interactions with prisoners is the norm. d. that all prisoners need is rehabilitation during their incarceration.

Political Science

Why was the period spanning roughly 1837 to 1937 considered by many scholars to be a period of dual federalism?

a. During this time the state courts and the federal courts had equal powers and jurisdiction. b. The jurisdiction between the state and federal governments was hard to differentiate. c. The Supreme Court refused to give Congress the discretionary authority it enjoyed during earlier eras, yet the Court did not return to the doctrine of state sovereignty. d. The Supreme Court made rulings that returned our nation to a period that was even more committed to a strong central government. e. The pendulum would constantly swing between state powers and federal powers.

Political Science