Both excitatory and inhibitory neurons form junctions with muscles. By what mechanism do inhibitory neurotransmitters prevent the postsynaptic cell from firing an action potential?
(a) by closing Na+ channels
(b) by preventing the secretion of excitatory neurotransmitters
(c) by opening K+ channels
(d) by opening Cl– channels
(d) Inhibitory neurons release inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA and glycine. They bind to and open ligand-gated Cl– channels. If Na+ channels are open, Cl– ions will rush into the cell as well, neutralizing the positive charges carried by Na+.
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