Opponents of ______ raise the issue of the symbolism surrounding punishment in the form of the uniform and insignia of correctional staff and the judiciary that express the public nature of punishment.
a. retribution
b. mass incarceration
c. probation
d. privatization
Ans: D
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For some teenagers, joyriding may be a gateway crime that eventually leads to becoming a full-fledged auto thief for profit
a. True b. False
Which factor has the greatest impact upon a geographical area becoming a "hot spot"?
a. where occasional auto thefts happen b. where people are repeatedly victimized c. where community policing is used d. where neighborhood watch programs exist
The first police agency was developed in 1829 in ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
In Widom's study of the effects of child abuse and its impact upon later criminal offenses, she selected a sample of children with court records of being abuse victims and gathered a comparison group that were matched on gender, race, age and socioeconomic status. The technique used in this case was ____
a. individual matching b. aggregate matching c. randomization d. probabilistic aggregation