The nurse is aware that which of the following results when a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within body fluids?
a. They become acidic.
b. They become alkaline.
c. Carbon ions are retained.
d. Oxygen ions are released into the blood.
A
The normal body pH range of blood is from 7.35 to 7.45; blood pH above or below this range can cause profound physiologic problems. A blood pH level below 7.35 means that the concentration of hydrogen ions is elevated, resulting in acidosis, which can cause coma, weak or irregular heartbeat, or severe hypotension. A blood pH above 7.45 indicates excessive loss of hydrogen ions, resulting in alkalosis, with symptoms such as apathy, irritability, delirium, or spasmodic muscle contractions.
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An important health-promotion strategy for parents of adolescents is to help them understand that:
a. chronological age and social and emotional development should be considered in determining autonomy for adolescents. b. chronological age is the best indicator of adolescent maturity and the ability to make decisions. c. physical maturation takes precedence over emotional development in determining maturity. d. social and emotional development are more important than chronological age in determining adolescent maturity.
A patient will begin taking dabigatran etexilate [Pradaxa] to prevent stroke. The nurse will include which statement when teaching this patient?
a. Dabigatran should be taken on an empty stomach to improve absorption. b. It is important not to crush, chew, or open capsules of dabigatran. c. The risk of bleeding with dabigatran is less than that with warfarin [Coumadin]. d. To remember to take dabigatran twice daily, a pill organizer can be useful.
Heifetz and Burns suggest that an ethic of caring is important in organizations
a. True b. False
Ballottement of the patella is used to assess which of the following?
A. Fluid in the knee B. Pain with knee flexion C. Crepitus with palpation of the knee joint D. Presence of an audible pop or click