A seasoned nurse is explaining the multiple mechanisms by which angiotensin II raises blood pressure to a novice nurse. What should the seasoned nurse include in the explanation?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. Direct vasoconstriction
2. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity
3. Cardiac remodeling
4. Direct effect on the kidneys
5. Direct increase on the reabsorption of sodium
Correct Answer: 1,2,3,5
Rationale 1: Angiotensin II causes direct vasocontstriction, which increases blood pressure.
Rationale 2: Angiotensin II causes increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which increases blood pressure.
Rationale 3: Angiotensin II causes cardiac remodeling, which increases blood pressure.
Rationale 4: Aldosterone, not angiotensin II, increases blood pressure by having a direct effect on the kidneys.
Rationale 5: Angiotensin II increases the reabsorption of sodium, which increases blood pressure.
Global Rationale: Angiotensin II increases blood pressure through direct vasocontstriction, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, cardiac remodeling, and the reabsorption of sodium. Aldosterone, not angiotensin II, increases blood pressure by having a direct effect on the kidneys.
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