Characterize the structure and function of antigens
What will be an ideal response?
Antigens are molecules on the outer surface of cells. Bacterial cells have them, your cells have them, so do viral particles, fungal cells, or even parasitic worms. They derive their name from the contraction "antibody-generator." When an invading bacterium, some tumor cells, or cells from a transplanted organ are encountered, their specific molecules, the antigens, trigger the production of antibodies. Every different strain of influenza or cold has different antigens, so when you get two colds in one winter, your body became sensitized to the antigens of the first cold, but when presented with the "second" cold, it had different antigens, so it yet again took several weeks for your body to mobilize the forces to fight this second infection. Antigens on transplanted organs are different from those on the recipient's cells, so the recipient may have to take immune-suppressive drugs forever to prevent the immune system from rejecting a transplanted organ based on its different antigens. Antigens are typically protein molecules, but may be carbohydrates or lipids.
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In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same eukaryotic cell, only DNA replication _____
A) uses RNA polymerase B) makes a new molecule from its end to its end C) occurs in the nucleus of the cell D) incorporates the entire template molecule in the product
Diapedesis is the
A. production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. B. plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. C. loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. D. production of only red blood cells. E. migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues.
The most important stimulus in the control of respiration is the concentration in the blood and other body fluids of
a. oxygen (O2). b. carbon dioxide (CO2). c. hydrogen ions (H+). d. nitrogen (N2).
Which of the following are in order from
primary producer to 4th trophic level? a. grass: coyote: bird: grasshopper b. coyote: bird: grasshopper: grass c. bird: grasshopper: grass: coyote d. grass: grasshopper: bird: coyote e. none of these