Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. Plasmids can help bacteria grow faster.
2. The ability to transfer DNA via conjugation is a universal feature of E. coli strains.
3. Transformation is the transfer of genes from dead bacteria to live bacteria.
4. It has been difficult to create an effective vaccine against HIV because reverse transcriptase cannot correct its errors.
5. Viral genomes must always be excised from the bacterial chromosome before viral components can be produced.


1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE

Biology & Microbiology

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Once a pathogen has infected the host, ________ is a measure of the pathogen's ability to spread to adjacent or other tissues.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Biology & Microbiology

The endodermis of a root

a. regulates the transport of water and minerals into the vascular system. b. produces root hairs for the absorption of water and minerals. c. produces lateral roots in woody dicotyledons. d. transports starch to parenchyma cells for storage. e. produces starch in the roots of dicotyledons.

Biology & Microbiology

If you were cast up on a desert island with no

fresh water to drink, the level of which of the following would rise in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

a. erythropoietin b. oxytocin c. insulin d. antidiuretic hormone e. glucose

Biology & Microbiology

All organisms that are photosynthetic are oxygenic.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Biology & Microbiology