Background conditioning occurs when medium- or high-intensity electric shock is presented but not preceded by an explicit CS. The authors attribute the failure of low-intensity electric shock to produce background conditioning to ________ and the near-absence of background conditioning when a CS precedes electric shock to ________.
a. habituation; overshadowing
b. blocking; sensory preconditioning
c. overexpectation; sensitization
d. the S-S, S-R model of basic acquisition; the S-S, S-S model of basic acquisition
a. habituation; overshadowing
Answer feedback: According to the authors, the habituation of the UR in response to repeated presentation of the low-intensity electric shock counteracts background conditioning. Also, they account for the very low level of background conditioning when an explicit CS precedes the electric shock in terms of the much greater salience of the explicit CS. It overshadows the stimuli that otherwise might become associated with the electric shock.
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