Define resilience, and describe the factors that seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Resilience is the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development. Four broad factors seem to offer protection from the damaging effects of stressful life events:
1. Personal characteristics: A child's genetically influenced characteristics can reduce exposure to risk or lead to experiences that compensate for early stressful events.
2. A warm parental relationship: A close relationship with at least one parent who provides warmth, appropriately high expectations, monitoring of the child's activities, and an organized home environment fosters resilience.
3. Social support outside the immediate family: The most consistent asset of resilient children is a strong bond with a competent, caring adult. For children who do not have a close bond with either parent, a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or teacher who forms a special relationship with the child can promote resilience.
4. Community resources and opportunities: Good schools, convenient and affordable health care and social services, libraries, and recreation centers foster both parents' and children's well-being.
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According to a recent meta-analysis of 40 years of data on cognitive-behavioral therapy, _________
A. more experienced clinicians have better treatment effects than less experienced ones B. it is less effective than aversion therapy and other behavioral techniques C. male patients benefit more than female patients D. the changes it produces in the brain are only temporary
According to Hebb, a system of interrelated neurons that reflects recurring environmental events is called a(n) _____.
a. engram b. phase sequence c. equipotentiality d. cell assembly
Newborn crying typically involves
A. agitation and coordinated movements. B. calm and coordinated movement. C. agitation and uncoordinated movements. D. calm and uncoordinated movement.
Which of the following is TRUE of nutrition and physical growth?
a. Nutrition is particularly important during infancy when growth is rapid. b. In a two-month-old, almost 80% of the body's energy is devoted to growth. c. Young babies need fewer calories per pound of body weight than do adults. d. Nutrition is not related to physical growth.