An advance directive is defined as:

a. A written expression of a person's wishes about medical care, especially during a terminal or critical illness
b. A written expression detailing how to dispose of a person's worldly goods
c. A written document providing trust funds for minor children
d. Written instructions regarding how a person wishes his or her remains to be disposed of


A

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Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, oxygen, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?

A) A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable. B) A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable. C) An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation with inverted T waves and abnormal Q waves; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose. D) A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.

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A geriatric patient is started on an antihypertensive medication. The nurse explains to the patient to be careful when changing positions. This precaution is necessary for which reason?

a. Geriatric patients have visual problems. b. Geriatric patients have joint disease. c. Geriatric patients' hearing problems change their balance. d. Geriatric patients experience postural hypotension.

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The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. Which technique should be most helpful?

a. Recommend that the child keep a diary. b. Provide supplies for the child to draw a picture. c. Suggest that the parent read fairy tales to the child. d. Ask the parent if the child is always uncommunicative.

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Which sign or symptom is most typical of an untreated client with type 1 diabetes?

1. Increased energy 2. Weight gain 3. Fatigue 4. Decreased hunger

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