In paragraph 2, the origin of the word viticulture is

Within every culture, there is an overall sense of what is beautiful and what is not beautiful, what represents good taste as opposed to tastelessness or even obscenity, and so on. Such considerations are matters of Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics in the color or shape of a product, label, or 1

package. Likewise, different parts of the world aesthetic styles differently. Aesthetic elements that are attractive, appealing, and in good taste in one country may be perceived differently in another.

There is nothing “good” or “bad” about any color of the all associations and perceptions regarding color arise from culture. Red is a popular color in most parts of the world; besides being the color of blood, in many countries red also is tied to centuries-old traditions of and winemaking. One recent study of perceptions

in eight countries found that red is associated with “active,” “hot,” and “vibrant”; in most countries studied, it also meanings such as “emotional” and “sharp.” As such, red 2

has positive connotations in many societies. However, red is poorly received in some African countries. Blue, because of its associations with sky and water, has an connotation with undertones of dependability, and eternity. White connotes purity and cleanliness in the West, but it is associated with death in parts of Asia. In the Middle East, purple is associated with death. Another research team concluded that gray

inexpensive in China and Japan, whereas it is associated with high quality and

high cost in the United States.

a. German.

b. Russian.

c. Arabic.

d. Latin