Explain how self-focus may exacerbate the negative effects of stress, and how this may be avoided
What will be an ideal response?
The self-focus model of depression suggests that people often become depressed
because they ruminate about how their behavior fails to measure up to their standards.
In a self-perpetuating feedback loop, this depressive mood and negative self-evaluation
is heightened by the self-focus that a stressful event brings. This leads to an increase in
depressive mood and negative self-evaluation, which then leads to the further
heightening of self-focus, and so on. A healthy alternative is to become engaged in
activities that remove attention from the self.
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When we standardize paired data we
a. divide everything by the standard deviation of X. b. convert X to a T score. c. convert both X and Y to z scores. d. subtract the mean from each value of X and Y.
According to Walter Mischel, if a child experiences a particular situation, he or she will then respond with a unique, stable set of behaviors. These if-then patterns will be characteristic of an individual, leading to the stable characteristics we think of as ____
a. ?traits b. ?temperament c. ?personality d. ?self-concept
What is it called when we imagine past events that would have led to a different future (positive or negative)?
A. maximizing B. satisficing C. planning fallacy D. counterfactual thinking
Cognitive dissonance can best be thought of as
a. norm crystallization. b. groupthink. c. the self-fulfilling prophecy. d. a state of conflict.