Which theory of interest group formation is the most optimistic about the extent to which interest groups can be representative of the society as a whole?
a. Pluralism
b. Rational choice
c. Elitism
d. All are equally optimistic.
Answer: a
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The __________ is the select group of civil servants who serve at embassies, conduct foreign policy on behalf of the Department of State, gather intelligence, protect U.S. interests, and cultivate good relations with other countries
Answer:
The American Civil War was largely fought for __________ reasons
A) ideological B) partisan C) spiritual D) agricultural
Which of the following is NOT a method or purpose of the Federal Reserve?
a. to set the discount rate b. to control the supply of money c. to control inflation d. to stimulate the economy e. to control the profits of private banks
Which of the following preference orderings describes the way that Toshiba ranks the four possible outcomes? (Note: if X Y, then X is preferred to Y.)
In 2006, there were a number of media reports about the next generation of DVD players, which produce much clearer picture and sound than that produced by current machines. However, there are two competing formats, Blu-ray (Sony) and HD DVD (Toshiba). Both are affiliated with certain movie studios, which have agreed to release their movies in one or the other of the new formats. This creates a problem for the producers of this new technology—they all want their own version to win out, but by competing they make it entirely likely that most consumers will sit back and wait until (a) one of the formats is a clear winner or (b) a newer, even better, method of supplying movies is developed by someone else. If the latter happens, both Sony and Toshiba lose out.
Imagine that both companies have developed a new product, but with different formats. If one of the companies would be willing to switch quickly (assume that copyright laws would allow it to produce something similar), that company would lose some time and market share but be able to get into the market. Consumers would be more willing to buy the new technology, and both companies would make more money. If neither company is willing to coordinate with the other, they end up in a war of attrition, with fewer customers. This is shown in the game below.
A. Both players produce HD DVD Toshiba produces HD DVD, Sony produces Blu-Ray Both players produce Blu-Ray Toshiba produces Blu-Ray, Sony produces HD DVD.
B. Both players produce HD DVD Both players produce Blu-Ray Toshiba produces HD DVD, Sony produces Blu-Ray Toshiba produces Blu-Ray, Sony produces HD DVD.
C. Both players produce Blu-Ray Both players produce HD DVD Toshiba produces HD DVD, Sony produces Blu-Ray Toshiba produces Blu-Ray, Sony produces HD DVD.