Paralleling the spread of democracy, since the 1980s there has been the transformation from:
A. free-market economies to socialist economies.
B. mixed economies to collectivist economies.
C. open economies to closed economies.
D. command economies to market-based economies.
Answer: D. command economies to market-based economies.
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______ are laws that give parole boards less authority to shorten sentences for good behavior.
a. Habitual offender laws b. Mandatory minimum sentences c. Truth-in-sentencing laws d. Indeterminate sentencing laws
Which of the following is a major difficulty in measuring program effectiveness?
A. determining the appropriate time span over which to measure B. determining the population and factors affecting the population that need to be taken into account during the measurement process C. determining the succession plan D. determining whether there are people who are willing to conduct the evaluation
The realist perspective is most likely to view the world economy primarily in terms of ________.
a. absolute gains b. relative gains c. collective goods d. deep historical inequality
Which of the following statements best characterizes the work of the United Nations in the area of human rights?
a. The UN has been seriously constrained in its efforts to safeguard human rights, particularly in its ability to punish human rights violations. b. The UN has not done a very good job of articulating common principles for human rights. c. The UN has done a very effective job of applying sanctions against human rights violators. d. For most of its history, the UN has been extremely effective in prosecuting individual leaders in international courts for human rights violations.