Because of classical conditioning, medical treatment can create unexpected misery or relief from symptoms, for reasons that are entirely unrelated to the treatment itself. Give an example that illustrates this statement
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
• Unpleasant reactions to a treatment can become associated to a wide range of other stimuli.
• For example, chemotherapy, and the nausea it produces, may become associated with the place where the therapy takes place, the waiting room, the nurse's uniform, etc., such that these stimuli may produce nausea by themselves.
• Positive reactions may also be conditioned.
• For example, placebos can produce improved symptoms because pills are generally associated with improved symptoms.
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a. mimicry c. imitative learning b. emulation d. instructive learning
Regarding the causes of psychological problems, _____ therapists tend to endorse a linear model of causality, whereas _____ therapists tend to endorse a circular model of causality.
A. cognitive, humanistic B. family, individual C. behavioral, cognitive D. individual, family
"When a researcher correctly employs the principles of empiricism, (s)he guarantees that the information they acquire will be completely accurate." Which of the following is true of this statement?
a. This statement is true, because the use of empiricism helped eliminate all of the research errors caused by the use of dogmatism. b. This statement is false because there is no way to guarantee with certainty that the information one gathers is accurate. c. This statement is only true when you gather data from a very small sample of research participants, because then the chance of research error drops. d. This statement is only true when you use a correlational design, but it is not true when you use an experimental design.
________ refers to the tendency for each hemisphere of the brain to take control of different functions
a. Neurotransmission b. Homeostasis c. Cortical transmission d. Cerebral dominance e. Spatial orientation