Distinguish between self-efficacy and self-esteem. How do these concepts reflect their origins in social learning theory? Suggest how self-esteem may vary across cultures.
What will be an ideal response?
Students' answers may vary.
The answer should include the following elements:
Self-efficacy refers to one's belief in one's capability to complete a specific task. Self-esteem refers to our overall positive and negative evaluations of the self. These concepts stem from the idea that we observe others receiving reinforcement for completing tasks and that we can form expectations regarding our own ability to receive reinforcement from the environment for our behavior. In this way, the concepts of self-efficacy and self-esteem reflect the influence of social learning theory.
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Which statement about empathy is most accurate?
a. It has emotional and behavioral components but not a cognitive component. b. It is uniquely human and begins to appear after adolescence. c. It is independent of the ability to take another person's perspective. d. There is disagreement as to how it should be defined.
The three major categories of neurocognitive disorders listed in the DSM-5 are ____
a. mild neurocognitive disorder, major neurocognitive disorder, and delirium b. minor neurocognitive disorder, major neurocognitive disorder, and dementia c. Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease d. neurocognitive disorder, neurodegenerative disorder, and stroke
A ____ is a universal sign of happiness or friendliness.
A. hand shake B. wave C. smile D. verbal greeting
Which of the following notable events in psychology occurred FIRST?
a. Abraham Maslow publishes "A Theory of Human Motivation.". b. The first American Ph.D. in psychology was awarded. c. Max Wertheimer advances Gestalt viewpoint. d. Ivan Pavlov reports his research on conditioned reflexes.