Describe the academic skills deficit and core cognitive processes associated with a learning disorder in the area of reading. How do you think each of these deficits might impact a child's ability to be an effective reader?
What will be an ideal response?
• Word recognition
o Academic skill deficit is single-word decoding
o Core cognitive process is phonological awareness, rapid naming of letter and digits, and working memory for verbal and/or acoustic information
o Impact – slows down fluency; makes reading comprehension difficult because of not knowing words either in isolation or in context; difficulty in learning unfamiliar words
• Reading fluency
o Academic skill deficit is reading speed
o Core cognitive process is rapid automatized naming
o Impact – when reading for information or reading with a group, this might impact child's pace in classroom (when others are done reading, the child with a learning disorder is still reading the same material); when reading a sentence or passage the child may forget what they have read before; impact on self-esteem and relationships with others
• Reading comprehension
o Academic skill deficit is extracting meaning from text
o Core cognitive process is language skills, working memory, and inferencing
o Impact – difficulty using reading to gain information; impacts all academic areas where learning is primary based on independent reading
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