Two nursing students were having pizza one evening as they were studying. One student remarked that whenever she ate pizza, she was incredibly thirsty. The second student explained that this thirst was caused by:
a. colloid osmotic pressure.
b. osmoreceptors.
c. oncotic pressure.
d. hydrostatic pressure.
B
Thirst, a conscious desire for water, regulates fluid intake when plasma osmolality increases (osmoreceptor-mediated thirst) or the blood volume decreases (baroreceptor-mediated thirst and angiotensin II–mediated thirst). The thirst-control mechanism is in the hypothalamus of the brain. Osmoreceptors there continually monitor plasma osmolality; when osmolality increases, the hy-pothalamus stimulates thirst. Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) is an inward-pulling force caused by the presence of protein molecules. Hydrostatic pressure is the force of a fluid pressing outward against the walls of its container. Thus capillary hydrostatic pressure is an out-ward-pushing force.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking rivastigmine. The patient's nursing care plan will prioritize which of the following nursing diagnoses?
A) Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements related to increased appetite and secondary to the drug therapy B) Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to decreased desire to eat secondary to nausea and vomiting from drug therapy C) Risk for Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance and Hyperglycemia related to adverse effects of medication D) Risk for Injury related to extrapyramidal symptoms
The nurse is discussing the current use of genetic testing and tamoxifen with a client who has breast cancer. Which information should the nurse include in this discussion?
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The patient complains of a headache. This data would be classified as:
1. subjective. 2. objective. 3. pain assessment. 4. undifferentiated data.
A nurse is negotiating to provide consultation services at a local home health agency. The nurse is currently discussing a fee for this service with the agency director
The nurse and director are working on agreement about which of the following elements of a valid contract? 1. capacity 2. mutual assent 3. consideration 4. absence of defenses that void the agreement