Sykes and Matza offered five types of justifications in their techniques of neutralization theory. Explain each of those justifications
What will be an ideal response?
Answer (should include points such as):
Denying responsibility, by pointing to one's background of poverty, abuse, lack of opportunity, and so forth.
Denying injury, by explaining that insurance companies will pay for the damages or pay to replace what was stolen.
Denying the victim, or saying that the victim deserved what happened to him.
Condemning the condemnors, by asserting that authorities are corrupt or responsible for their own victimization.
Appealing to a higher loyalty, as in defense of one's family, honor, or gang.
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Criminal justice researchers use measurement to:
a. classify or categorize data. b. rank order data. c. assign a score. d. All of the above.
Typical explanations for knock and announce rule include all of the following, except:
a. The rule protects against individuals thinking that their home is being burglarized and responding to the perceived threat in self-defense. b. The rule provides police with the opportunity to execute the warrant in a nonhostile environment and to obtain more evidence with the cooperative home owner. c. The rule allows the home owners time to prepare for the police to enter their homes and avoid embarrassment had the police just walked in on them without notice. d. The rule gives the home owner time to open the door rather than have police destroy his or her property to gain entry into the home.
Critical theorists believe that the motives of multinational corporations for providing jobs in third-world counties is to:
a. build the economies of these countries. b. provide the poorest individuals better jobs. c. supply the poor in the United States with affordable goods. d. exploit natural resources and desperate workers while avoiding regulations.
The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is called a. adjudication. b. indictment
c. booking. d. information.