What are the differences between human smuggling and human trafficking?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Human smuggling is a type of illegal immigration in which a criminal agent receives payment to help a person illegally and clandestinely cross a border. Smuggling may be conducted to obtain financial or other benefits for the smuggler, or to reunite families. It generally occurs with the consent of the person being smuggled, who frequently pays a smuggler for his services.

Human trafficking, or trafficking in persons (TIP) involves the exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people through force, coercion, threat, or deception, and includes human rights abuses such as debt bondage, deprivation of liberty, or lack of control over freedom and labor. Trafficking is often undertaken for purposes of sexual exploitation or labor exploitation. TIP often includes an element of human smuggling (the illegal crossing of a national border). Some trafficking victims may believe they are being smuggled when they are actually being trafficked. The key components that distinguish the two are the elements of fraud, force, and/or coercion. The underlying conditions that produce both are often similar: extreme poverty, lack of economic opportunity, civil unrest, and political uncertainty.